引言：目的 探讨极低出生体重儿支气管肺发育不良（BDP）的影响因素和远期预后。方法 自2014年01月至2017年01月，收集我院收治的150例极低出生体重儿，并发BDP的50例为观察组，其余100例为对照组。分析两组患者的基本临床资料，纠正2个月的肺功能，纠正24个月的体格和神经系统发育情况，并利用logistics分析极低出生体重儿并发BDP的危险因素。结果 观察组多胎、人工授精、试管受孕、胎膜早破、剖宫产和并发症明显多于对照组(P＜0.05)，观察组自然受孕的人数、肺功能、体格发育、神经系统明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 多胎、受孕方式、分娩方式、胎膜早破和并发症为极低出生体重儿BDP的危险因素，且并发BDP的新生儿的肺功能、体格发育和神经系统的发育情况较低

Objective To investigate the risk factors and long-term prognosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants. Methods From January 2014 to January 2017, 150 cases of very low birth weight infants admitted to our hospital were collected. 50 cases of complicated bronchopulmonary dysplasia were divided into observation group, and other 100 cases were served as control group. Analysis of the difference between the basic clinical data of the two groups of newborns, correcting lung function at 2 months of age, and correcting physical development at 24 months and the nervous system. Multivariate logistic regression was then used to analyze risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants. Results Multiple births, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, premature rupture of membranes, cesarean section and complications in the observation group were significantly more than the control group (P<0.05). The number of natural conceptions, lung function, physical development, and nervous system in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Multiple births, conception, mode of delivery, premature rupture of membranes and complications are risk factors for BDP in very low birth weight infants, and pulmonary function, physical development and nervous system development in newborns with BDP are lower.