近视是一个全球性问题，目前近视的流行病学特点是低龄化和高度近视进展率增加。近视防控有两方面：一是降低近视的发生率；二是延缓近视度数的加深。目前国内外研究共识增加户外活动和阳光暴露时间可能减少近视的发生。也有研究认为0.01%阿托品眼水能够降低50%近视进展率，且没有明显的副作用。角膜塑形镜可以减慢眼轴延长。周边离焦镜片能够减慢儿童近视进展，而且有助于了解眼球增长的生理调控机制。

Myopia is a global problem.The epidemic of myopia is characeterized by increasingly early onset, combined with high myopia progression rates. There are two pathways for myopia control:firstly to slow the onset of myopia, secondly to reduce or prevent progression of myopia. Increased time outdoors can reduce the onset of myopia. Atropine 0.01% dose can provide s significant 50% reduction in myopia progression, without clinically significant visual side effects. Orthokeratology contact lenses can slow axial length elongation. Peripheral defocusing lenses may both have a role in slowing myopic progression in a subset of children and further help our understanding of the physiologic control of ocular growth.