目的：了解内蒙古呼和浩特地区外伤性胸腰椎骨折的流行病学特征，为预防该病的发生提供参考依据。方法：回顾性分析221例外伤性胸腰椎骨折患者资料，并进行流行病学特征分析。结果：骨折高发年龄段为41~60岁（51.5%），50岁以下男性较女性多发，50岁以上女性较男性多发。跌伤、高处坠落伤和交通事故伤是主要致伤原因，占94.1%，不同受伤原因在不同年龄、性别、民族、职业类型和地区中的分布差异均有统计学意义（P≤0.05）。骨折主要损伤节段为：L1、T12、L2，占73.7%。单纯胸腰段骨折患者最多，有129例，占58.4%；胸腰段合并其他节段骨折患者有92例，占41.6%。有120例（54.3%）患者合并其他部位损伤，不同性别合并损伤类型差异有统计学意义（P≤0.05）。男女性高发类型均为Denis Ⅱ型。结论：胸腰椎骨折有其自身的流行病学特点，应根据其特征采取针对性的防治措施。

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of traumatic thoracolumbar fracture in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and to provide reference for preventing the occurrence of this disease. Methods: 221 patients with traumatic thoracolumbar fractures were retrospectively analyzed, and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. Results: Most of cases were in the range of 41~60 years old. (51.5%), male cases outnumbered female cases significantly under 50 years old, but the condition was contrary above 50 years old. Fall and fall from height and traffic accidents were the main injury causes, which accounted for 94.1%. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of different causes of injury among different ages, genders, ethnic, occupational types and region(P≤0.05).There were 129 patients with simple thoracolumbar fractures, accounting for 58.4%; There were 92 patients with thoracolumbar and other segmental fractures, accounting for 41.6%. There were 120 cases (54.3%) with other parts of the injury, and the differences in gender types were statistically significant(P≤0.05). A high incidence of male and female types are Denis Ⅱ type. Conclusion: Thoracolumbar fractures have their own epidemiological characteristics, and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to their characteristics.