目的：探讨早期微量喂养对极低出生体重儿在改善机体内环境、生长发育及肠道功能的效果。方法：选取我院2017年7月至2020年8月出生的65例极低出生体重儿作为研究对象，采用抽签法随机分成观察组35例和对照组30例，观察组实施早期微量喂养，对照组采用常规喂养，两组均给予静脉营养支持，比较两组患儿出生72h的液体入量和出量、血生化等指标及1周后胃泌素水平；记录并比较两组患儿体重开始增长时间、胎粪完全排尽时间、全量肠内喂养达到时间及恢复出生体重时间；比较两组患儿胃肠不耐受发生情况。结果：观察组患儿出生72h血钾水平低于对照组，血钙水平高于对照组，且差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组患儿体重开始增长时间、胎粪完全排尽时间、全量肠内喂养时间及恢复出生体重时间均低于对照组，两组相比差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）；观察组中度及严重潴留、呕吐患儿较观察组低（P<0．05），差异有统计学意义。结论：对极低出生体重儿早期积极微量喂养可有效改善机体内环境，促进患儿生长发育，降低胃肠道不耐受发生。

【Abstract】Objective: To explore the effect of early micro-feeding on the improvement of the body environment, growth and development and intestinal function of very low birth weight infants. Methods: 65 cases of very low birth weight infants born in our hospital from July 2017 to August 2020 were selected as the research objects, and they were randomly divided into an observation group of 35 cases and a control group of 30 cases by lot. The observation group was given early micro-feeding and the control group was routinely fed. Both groups were given intravenous nutritional support, and the fluid intake and output, blood biochemical and other indicators of the two groups of children at 72 hours of birth, and gastric secretion levels after 1 week were compared; record and compare the time to gain weight，time to completely drain the meconium, time to reach full enteral feeding and time to regain birth weight for the two groups; compare the occurrence of gastrointestinal intolerance between the two groups. Results: The blood potassium level of children in the observation group was lower than that of the control group at 72 hours after birth, and the blood calcium level was higher than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05); The time to gain weight, the time to complete meconium exhaustion, the time to full enteral feeding, and the time to restore birth weight in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant (P＜0.05); the children with moderate and severe retention，vomiting in the observation group were lower than those in the observation group (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Early active micro-feeding of very low birth weight infants can effectively improve the body environment, promote the growth and development of children, and reduce the occurrence of gastrointestinal intolerance.