水痘-带状疱疹病毒（Varicella-zoster virus ，VZV）属人类疱疹病毒α亚科, 具有嗜神经性，人类是该病毒的唯一自然宿主。初次感染可引起水痘，日后宿主免疫力低下时，病毒可再次激活引起带状疱疹。VZV感染易引起诸多并发症，对临床的诊治造成一定干扰。本文就VZV的分子结构、感染机制及途径、流行病学、临床特点和防治原则等方面进行综述，为疾病预防、诊断及合理有效治疗提供参考。

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) belongs to the alpha subfamily of human herpesvirus with neurotropic properties. Human is the only natural host of the virus. The initial infection can cause chickenpox, and when the host's immunity is low in the future, the virus can reactivate and cause herpes zoster.VZV infection is easy to cause many complications, which interferes with clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the molecular structure, infection mechanism and pathway, epidemiology, clinical characteristics and prevention and treatment principles of VZV, in order to provide reference for disease prevention, diagnosis and reasonable and effective treatment.

内蒙古自治区卫生计生科研计划项目（NO.201701047）