小儿苏醒期躁动是儿童全身麻醉术后较常见的临床问题。EA虽持续时间短暂,却增加了小儿围术期风险,增加住院天数,产生额外医疗费用,并在术后可能出现新的适应不良行为。EA的诱发因素主要包括术前焦虑、吸入麻醉剂、药物代谢不完全、不良刺激如疼痛、气管导管的刺激等。目前防治EA的措施包括术前心理疏导、减轻不良刺激等非药物手段及辅助使用丙泊酚、右美托咪定、氯胺酮、芬太尼、镁剂等药物防治。

Emergence Agitation(EA)is a common clinical problem after general anesthesia in children. Although the duration of EA is short, it increases the perioperative risk of children and the days of hospitalization, which can increase the medical expenses. At the same time, the children may occur new maladaptive behavior after operation. The inducing factors of EA include preoperative anxiety, incomplete drug metabolism, inhaled anesthetics, adverse stimulation such as pain, stimulation of endotracheal tube and so on. At present, the measures for the prevention and treatment of EA include non-drug measures such as preoperative psychological counseling, reduction of adverse stimulation, and auxiliary use of propofol, dexmetomidine, ketamine, fentanyl, magnesium and other drugs for prevention and treatment.