近视是导致视觉功能障碍和致盲并发症的全球性公共卫生问题，在我国人口中近视患病率近50%，约7亿之众的人口患有近视，几乎每两个中国人中就有一人受近视问题困扰。一般来讲，近视在儿童青少年中一旦开始发病，病情通常会一直进展到患者青春期的后期甚至到成年的早期阶段。近视的发生发展是一个多因素综合作用的过程，主要影响因素可以分为遗传因素和环境因素，而其中的环境因素复杂多样。本文将就影响近视发生发展的机制及相关环境因素的研究进展，进行深入分析和归纳总结，以期为未来我国儿童青少年近视防控提供指导。

Myopia is an international public health service problem that causes visual impairment and binocular blindness. In everyone""s population, the incidence of myopia is close to 50%. About 700 million people have myopia, basically one in every two of us Chinese. Once children and adolescents"" development trend is myopia, the disease will generally develop to the end of adolescence and even early adulthood. The emergence and development trend of myopia is a multi-element process. The key influencing factors can be divided into genetic and environmental elements, and environmental elements are complex and diverse. The article will conduct an in-depth analysis and summary of the principles of myopia""s development trend and related environmental factors to guide the prevention of myopia.

2019年内蒙古科技厅应用技术研究与开发资金项目(2019GG078)