乳腺癌是常见恶性肿瘤中女性高发的疾病，雌激素在乳腺肿瘤的发生发展中扮演着重要的角色。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK）信号转导通路是雌激素受体介导的通路中的一条重要的参与基因组效应和非基因组效应的信号通路。近年来，存在很多有关MAPK信号通路调控乳腺细胞异常增殖的研究，本文从乳腺癌发病率、危险因素、雌激素对MAPK信号通路的调节和MAPK信号通路在乳腺癌中的作用等角度进行综述，以推动乳腺癌的研究。

Breast cancer is a disease with a high incidence of women among common malignant tumors, and estrogen plays an important role in the occurrence and development of breast tumors. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is an important signal pathway involved in genomic and non-genomic effects among the pathways mediated by estrogen receptors.In recent years, there have been many studies on the MAPK signaling pathway regulating the abnormal proliferation of breast cells. This article reviews the incidence of breast cancer, risk factors, the regulation of MAPK signaling pathway by estrogen, and the role of MAPK signaling pathway in breast cancer, in order to promote breast cancer research.