目的 分析某三甲医院精神科儿童青少年精神障碍患者就诊情况、疾病构成及意义。方法 收集内蒙古呼和浩特市某三甲医院精神科2018年至2020年儿童青少年精神障碍住院患者病历资料，共353例，其中男性156例（44.2%），女性197例（55.8%），平均年龄15.96±2.11岁，平均住院日47.27±52.61日，以病案首页主要诊断按照WHO国际统一疾病分类法（ICD-10）作为疾病分类标准，采用SPSS22.0软件进行数据统计分析。结果 精神分裂症、抑郁发作、双相情感障碍、分离转换性障碍及精神发育迟滞是儿童青少年常见的精神障碍疾病。精神分裂症男性明显多于女性，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；急性而短暂的精神病性障碍仅见于男性，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；抑郁发作女性明显多于男性，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；不同年龄段精神障碍疾病占比有所不同，其中5-11岁9例（2.6%），12-15岁111例（31.4%），16-18岁233例（66.0%），同时各年龄段所患疾病也有所差异。结论 不同性别、年龄段儿童青少年所患精神障碍疾病有所差异。同时儿童青少年精神障碍的发病率高，就诊率低，作为我区规模最大、专业性最强的精神专科病房，近3年儿童青少年精神障碍住院人数仅有353人次，其中以16-18岁的少年为主，学龄前及学龄儿童寥寥无几，儿童青少年精神障碍诊疗现状形式严峻，增加人群认知，早发现、早诊治，使儿童青少年精神障碍患者尽早回归社会。

Objective To analyze the clinical situation, disease composition and significance of children and adolescents with mental disorders in psychiatric department of a third grade a hospital. Methods The medical records of 353 inpatients with child and adolescent mental disorders from 2018 to 2020 were collected, including 156 males (44.2%) and 197 females (55.8%), with an average age of 15.96±2.11 years and an average hospital stay of 47.27±52.61 days. According to the WHO International Unified Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) as the disease classification standard, SPSS22.0 software was used for data statistical analysis. Results Schizophrenia, depressive episode, bipolar disorder, dissociative conversion disorder and mental retardation were common mental disorders in children and adolescents. There were significantly more schizophrenic males than females (P < 0.05). Acute and transient psychotic disorders were only seen in males, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were significantly more depressive episodes in females than males, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The proportion of mental disorders in different age groups was different, including 9 cases (2.6%) in 5-11 years old, 111 cases (31.4%) in 12-15 years old, and 233 cases (66.0%) in 16-18 years old. Conclusion The mental disorders of children and adolescents are different in gender and age. A high incidence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders at the same time, low visiting rate, as the spirit of the largest and strongest professional development of our region, the number of child and adolescent mental disorders in the hospital for nearly three years only 353 people, which is given priority to with young people at the age of 16 and 18, few preschool and school-age children, child and adolescent mental disorders diagnosis and treatment status quo form, Increase population awareness, early detection, early diagnosis and treatment, so that children and adolescents with mental disorders return to society as soon as possible.