[摘要] 目的：分析并总结大戟科大戟属根类中药的研究进展。方法：检索至今国内外关于京大戟、甘遂、月腺大戟和狼毒大戟研究的相关文献。结果：1.4种中药都有毒，作为药用植物有很早的历史，关于它们的记载也颇多；四者均为多年生草本植物，在我国分布广泛，其植株具乳状汁液,根部肥厚肉质,木栓层较厚，次生皮层发达。2.主要成分包含萜类、鞣质类、黄酮类等，其中关于萜类的研究最多，它是4种药材发挥药理作用和毒性作用的主要成分。3.四者的根部提取液均有抗炎、抗菌、抗白血病、抗肿瘤及抗癌等作用，在抗癌作用方面尤为突出，对多种癌细胞有抑制作用。结论：大戟科大戟属根类中药京大戟、甘遂、月腺大戟和狼毒大戟资源丰富，药材中所含活性成分种类较多，具有较好的药用价值和研究前景。

[Abstract]：Objective: Analyze and summarize the research progress of root traditional Chinese medicine of Euphorbia in Euphorbiaceae. Methods: Search the relevant literature on E. pekinensis, E. kansui, E. ebracteolata and E. fischeriana at home and abroad so far. Results: 1.These four kinds of traditional Chinese medicines are all poisonous, they have a long history as medicinal plants, and there are many records about them. All of them are perennial herba, which are widely distributed in China. Their plants all have milky juice and fleshy roots. The phellem layer of the root is thick and the secondary cortex is developed. 2. The main ingredients include terpenes, tannins, flavonoids. Among them, there is the most research about terpenes, which is the main ingredient of four kinds of medicinal materials to exert pharmacological effects and toxic effects. 3. The extracts from their roots have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-leukemia, anti-tumor and anti-cancer effects, which are particularly prominent in terms of anti-cancer effects and have inhibitory effects on a variety of cancer cells. Conclusion: The root traditional Chinese medicines of Euphorbia in Euphorbiaceae,such as E. pekinensis, E. kansui, E. ebracteolata and E. fischeriana are rich in resources, contain a variety of chemical components, have high medicinal value and development value.