溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis，UC）作为炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease，IBD）的一个分支，是一类病因未明确的慢性非特异性炎症性疾病。鉴于UC的发病因素尚不清楚以及病情演变的复杂性，其诊断仍缺乏金标准，临床中主要整合症状、内镜技术、组织病理学及影像学对可疑患者进行评估。随着新的治疗目标和治疗方案的广泛提出，准确的评估病情及监测预后成为了临床实践的一大挑战。此外，由于UC发病率的不断上升，迫切需要方便而经济的诊断和评估手段。近年来生物标志物的发现为UC的诊断及管理带来了便利，这些标志物通过对患者进行简单的采样即可完成，极大减少了时间和经济成本，现已在临床常规和临床试验中广泛应用。本文总结了近几年被广泛认可的和正在研究的UC的生物标志物，并介绍了它们各自的优缺点。

Ulcerative colitis (ulcerative colitis, UC) as a branch of inflammatory bowel disease (inflammatory bowel disease, IBD),is a kind of chronic non-specific inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. In view of the unclear pathogenic factors of UC and the complexity of the disease evolution, the diagnosis of UC still lacks the gold standard. Clinically, symptoms, endoscopic techniques, histopathology and imaging are mainly integrated to evaluate suspicious patients. With the widespread introduc-tion of new therapeutic targets and schemes, it is a great challenge for clinical prac-tice to accurately assess the condition and monitor the prognosis. In addition, due to the rising incidence of UC, there is an urgent need for convenient and economical means of diagnosis and evaluation. In recent years, the discovery of biomarkers has brought convenience to the diagnosis and management of UC. These biomarkers can be completed by simply sampling patients, which greatly reduces the time and eco-nomic cost. Now they have been widely used in clinical routine and clinical trials. This paper summarizes the biomarkers of UC that have been widely recognized and are being studied in recent years, and introduces their respective advantages and dis-advantages.

国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）