各种影响肺通气和（或）肺换气功能障碍的疾病均可引起呼吸衰竭，其临床表现缺乏特异性，可表现为机体各系统功能和代谢紊乱。呼吸肌功能障碍是慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸衰竭的主要特征，膈肌是呼吸活动中的主要呼吸肌，因此增强慢阻肺患者膈肌功能可改善其临床症状及预后。体外膈肌起搏技术已有30余年的应用历史，主要通过电刺激膈神经引起膈肌收缩，从而改善患者肺通气功能，缓解患者临床症状。本文通过体外膈肌电刺激在呼吸衰竭治疗中的研究进展进行综述。

Respiratory failure can be caused by various diseases that influence the dysfunction of pulmonary ventilation and / or pulmonary gas exchange, which lacks specific clinical manifestations and can be manifested as functional and metabolic disorders of various systems of the body. The dysfunction of respiratory muscle is the main feature of respiratory failure in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease，diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle in respiratory activity, therefore, enhancing diaphragm function in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease can improve their clinical symptoms and prosnosis. The technique of externalDiaphragm pacing has been used for more than 30 years, mainly through electtrical stimulation of phrenic nerve to induce diaphragm contraction, thereby improving pulmonary ventilation function and relieving clinical symptoms.This article reviews the research progress of external diaphragm electrical stimulation in the treatment of respiratory failure.

内蒙古医科大学附属医院博士基金项目，NYFY BS 202122； 内蒙古医科大学“致远”人才计划项目，ZY0202027；内蒙古自治区科技计划项目，2022YFSH0002； 吴阶平医学基金会科研项目：320.6750.2022-18-16；内蒙古医科大学联合项目：YKD2021LH012